![]() ![]() With reference to muscle weakness, it is suggested by several studies that scapula stabilization muscles play an important role in the development of shoulder problems in persons with SCI. 1–3 In earlier studies persons at older age, with longer time since injury, higher body mass index (BMI) and muscle weakness showed to have an even greater risk for developing shoulder overloaded injuries. 1 Several studies in the literature report that the most common shoulder problems affecting persons with SCI are supraspinatus tendinosis, bursitis, and acromioclavicular joint degeneration. Wheelchair dependent persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) rely entirely on their upper limbs for locomotion and weight-bearing activities, such as wheelchair propulsion, transfers and push-up pressure relief, increasing the risk of overload injuries of the shoulders.
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